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Safest Baby Foods Without Heavy Metals or Perchlorate: LAB RESULTS in 2019

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In a new investigation released, close to 200 baby foods were tested across the United States and 95% of them contained one or more heavy metals like arsenic, lead, cadmium or mercury. They also found perchlorate, a rocket fuel chemical, inside baby food & infant formula used as an “anti-static” agent. This is horrifying. We know. So what should you feed your baby? You’ve trusted Mamavation to bring you topics like best cookware without PFAs & nano-materials, safest baby formulas, & thousands of other product investigations, now join us as we take you through the latest study by Healthy Babies Bright Futures and spill the beans on the safest brands.

Disclosure: this post contains affiliate links.

three jars of vegetables puree as baby food

Heavy Metals Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium & Mercury Are Commonly Found in Baby Foods

When you go to the store to pick up baby food, you don’t expect to bring home a side of heavy metals, but that is exactly what is happening. In the latest baby food investigation by Healthy Babies Bright Futures & partners, 168 baby food products were tested, including 61 brands. The results were very concerning for parents.

  • 95% of baby food tested were contaminated with one or more of four toxic heavy metals–arsenic, lead, cadmium or mercury.
  • Within a single container lots of contaminants could be inside:
    • 4 metals were found inside 26% of baby foods tested,
    • 3 metals were found inside 40% of baby foods tested,
    • 2 metals were found inside 21% of baby foods tested,
    • 1 metal was found inside 8% of baby foods tested &
    • 0 metals were found inside of 5% of baby foods tested (9 foods)
  • Arsenic was found in 73% of baby foods
  • Lead was found in 94% of baby foods
  • Cadmium was found in 75% of baby foods
  • Mercury was found in 32% of baby foods

Close-up of a mother giving food to her adorable baby at home

Pediatricians Are Talking About Heavy Metals & Baby Food and They Aren’t Happy

Pediatricians have already started warning parents about this danger. “Arsenic, lead and other heavy metals are known causes of neurodevelopmental harm,” explains Dr. Phillip Landrigan, a pediatrician and Director of the Program in Global Public Health and the Common Good in the Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society at Boston College. “Low-level exposures add up, and exposures in early life are especially dangerous. The cumulative impact of exposures is what makes this a significant concern that demands action.”

  • 87% of the foods tested contained more than one toxic heavy metal.
  • 4 in 7 infant rice cereals tested contained inorganic arsenic (the toxic form of arsenic) in excess of FDA’s proposed action level of 100 ppb (parts per billion).
  • 83% of baby foods tested had more lead than the 1ppb limit endorsed by public health advocates
  • 1 out of every 5 foods tested had over 10 times the limit of 1ppb endorsed by public health advocates

mother feeding young son organic baby food

What Can Heavy Metals Do To Developing Babies?

It’s been clear for hundreds of years that heavy metals like arsenic, lead, cadmium & mercury are very problematic to human health. But when it comes to children, it’s even more dangerous. They can harm a developing baby’s brain and nervous system both in utero and after birth. Arsenic, lead, cadmium & mercury can negatively impact the brain development of an otherwise healthy baby. And to drive this home, in the past seven years, there have been 23 peer-reviewed studies underlining the dangers to children when it comes to these heavy metals. The common symptoms of exposure are as follows:

  • loss of IQ
  • attention deficit syndromes (ADD)
  • other learning and behavioral impacts
  • arsenic, lead & cadmium are also carcinogens

According to health advocates at Abt Associates who studied data of national surveys of food contamination and consumption of American children aged 0 to 24 months, American children lose 11 million IQ points from exposure to arsenic and lead in these foods. Rice-based foods also account for about one-fifth of this loss and fifteen foods account for over half of this loss of IQ points.

Eat smeared lovely baby girl in baby chair feeding by mother

Rocket Fuel Chemical Perchlorate Found in Baby Food

Perchlorate, a chemical used in the creation of rockets, fireworks and matches, has also been found in baby foods. In 2005, Perchlorate was approved by the FDA as an “indirect additive” in plastic packaging for foods and today is used as an anti-static agent in cereals, infant formula, and other baby foods. Grains become static-y when ground very small and packaged, so food companies started adding perchlorate to the inside of plastic packaging walls to solve that problem.

Perchlorate disrupts thyroid function and blocks the uptake of iodine to the thyroid. When this happens in utero or in early childhood, IQ loss and development issues become very possible. Last year, the American Academy of Pediatrics issued a statement that food additives like perchlorate were dangerous to children and should not be approved by the FDA. These results show a prevalence of perchlorate in baby food and underline the need for the FDA to ban all food uses of perchlorate in baby food. Babies are already getting heavy metals in their baby food, perchlorate isn’t a helpful chemical in terms of neurodevelopment for American children.

But at Mamavation, we’re not just reporting the news. We have become very active changing policy behind the scenes for you. Mamavation was active in pressuring the California Water Board to lower the detection limit (DL) of perchlorate, which is the first step to limiting how much can legally come to your tap. Because perchlorate uptakes into green leafy vegetables and California is the salad bowl capital of the United States, the level of perchlorate California allows in water directly affects everyone who eats salad nationwide. 

various kinds of baby food in plastic bowls, top view

What Are The Safer Alternatives?

Safer alternatives exist here, so it’s important to just familiarize yourself with the options. In fact, you’ll save an average of 80% less toxic exposure if you follow the solutions we’ve pulled for you. Long story short, here they are.

  • Snacks Solutions: If you choose rice-free snacks over puff snacks made from rice you’ll get about 93% less toxic heavy metals
  • Teething Food Solutions: If you choose soothing foods for teething like a frozen banana or chilled cucumber instead of teething biscuits or rice rusks, you’ll get about 91% less toxic heavy metals
  • Cereal Solution: If you choose other infant cereals like multi-grain and oatmeal instead of infant rice cereal you’ll get about 84% less toxic heavy metals
  • Drink Solution: If you choose tap water instead of giving your child fruit juice, you’ll get about 68% less toxic heavy metals
  • Fruits & Veggies Solution: If you choose a variety of fruits & veggies instead of just carrots & sweet potatoes all the time, you’ll get about 73% less toxic heavy metals.

Unfortunately, organic standards do not tackle heavy metals in the standards. So some organic brands will have some surprising heavy metal content, but we’ve found some better organic brands in our investigation at the end of this investigation to help you out. But it’s also important to know that heavy metals are not typically added to baby food but come from the soil and uptake into plants. Levels of heavy metal contamination in soil vary, but it’s important to understand that organic doesn’t necessarily mean safer when it comes to heavy metal contamination in children. More on the best organic baby formulas here.

peas and carrots baby food on the wood table

Baby Food Makers & Home Cooking: The Best Solution

The truth is this–the more something is processed, the more likely it’s going to have contaminants inside. So making the baby food yourself is really the solution to your problem. But I get it, it’s not always convenient. That’s why we are bringing you both options, so you can choose daily.

But here’s more proof that softening your baby’s food isn’t the best plan in general. The latest research looking at evolutionary dentistry says that softening a baby’s food prevents them from fully developing their jaw, which can lead to a list of ailments in adulthood like sleep apnea.

Here are some of the baby food makers we would recommend:

Happy baby having fun eating messy showing hands covered in Spaghetti Angel Hair Pasta red marinara tomato sauce.

Other Investigations We Think You’ll Like On Mamavtion

Before we go over all the baby food brands, we would like to show you other baby-related investigations we’ve done that we believe we can be of service to you in recommending:

We also have additional investigations that will make your life easier in terms of product choices.

Supplements & Over-the-Counter

Safer Indoor Air

Kitchen

Personal Care for the Whole Family: 

Beverages

three jars of vegetables puree as baby food

Mamavation’s Investigation on Baby Food Brands

Mamavation looked at all 168 brands to decipher based on ranges which brands had the least amount of contaminants.  We’ve created this range with help from Charlotte Brody, RN, National Director of Healthy Babies Bright Future & co-author of this report to categorize which brands deserve to be in which category. It’s important to strive for 0 ppb of lead because that is where children are safe. However, we recognize that we are not there yet and this represents the range of heavy metals. Here are the levels:

  • Lead: dangerous levels 17-27 ppb, concerning levels 7-17 ppb, and safer levels 0-7 ppb
  • Inorganic Arsenic: dangerous levels 75-100 ppb, concerning levels 40-75 ppb, and safer levels 0-40 ppb.
  • Cadmium: dangerous levels 25-50ppb, concerning levels 10-25 ppb, and safer levels 0-10 ppb
  • Mercury: dangerous levels 3-4 ppb, concerning levels 1-3 ppb, and safer levels 0-1 ppb.
  • Perchlorate: dangerous above 1 ppb to any child. This is the public health goal for perchlorate in water in California.

Feeding bottle with baby milk formula on table

Bad Baby Food Brands

These brands had the highest levels of heavy metals than the rest of the group. Specifically, baby & toddler food brands that had between 17-27 ppb of lead, between 75-1000 ppb or inorganic arsenic, 25-50 ppb of cadmium, 3-4 ppb of mercury, or any perchlorate landed here. Because perchlorate is so incredibly toxic to the baby’s development, we have those brands highlighted.

  • Baby Mum-Mum Banana Rice Rusks (arsenic, mercury, perchlorate)
  • Beech-Nut Rice Single Grain Baby Cereal (high arsenic, low lead, low cadmium)
  • Beech-Nut Oatmeal Whole Grain Baby Cereal (lead, cadmium, perchlorate)
  • Beech-Nut Organics Just Carrots (perchlorate) 
  • Beech-Nut Classics Sweet Carrots (high lead, cadmium, mercury)
  • Beech-Nut Classics Sweet Potatoes Stage 2 (high lead, cadmium)
  • Beech-Nut Classics Mixed Vegetables Stage 2 (high lead)
  • BioKinetics Brown Rice Organic Sprouted Whole Grain Baby Cereal (high arsenic, lead, high cadmium, mercury)
  • Comforts (Kroger) Blueberry Little Puffs Cereal Snack (arsenic, lead, high cadmium)
  • Cream of Wheat Instant Original Flavor (high lead, high cadmium)
  • Cuetara Animalitos Galleta Crackers (Animal Crackers) (high cadmium)
  • Deluxe Pasta Macaroni & Cheese, Original Flavor (lead, high cadmium)
  • Earth’s Best Organic Sensitivity DHR/ARA Infant Formula with Iron (perchlorate) 
  • Earths Best Organic Whole Grain Rice Cereal (high arsenic, high lead, cadmium, mercury)
  • Earth’s Best Organic Sesame Street Peanut Butter Baked Corn Puffs (high cadmium)
  • Earth’s Best Organic Spinach and Potato Baby Food 6 months (perchlorate)
  • Gerber Multigrain Cereal (arsenic, lead, high cadmium, mercury, perchlorate)
  • Gerber Rice Single Grain Cereal (arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, perchlorate)
  • Gerber Oatmeal Single Grain Cereal (Lead, cadmium, perchlorate)
  • Gerber Whole Wheat Whole Grain Cereal (Lead, arsenic, cadmium, perchlorate)
  • Gerber Barley Single Grain Cereal (Lead, cadmium, perchlorate)
  • Gerber Diced Carrots Veggie Pickups (lead, high cadmium, mercury)
  • Gerber Carrot Sitter 2nd Food (lead, high cadmium, mercury)
  • Gerber Carrot Supported Sitter 1st Goods (lead, high cadmium, mercury)
  • Gerber Sweet Potato Supported Sitter 1st Foods Tub (high lead, cadmium)
  • Gerber Sweet Potato Sitter 2nd Foods (high lead, cadmium)
  • Gerber Fruit & Veggie Melts Truly Tropical Blend Free Dried Fruit & Vegetable Snack (lead, high cadmium)
  • Gerber Arrowroot Biscuits (lead, high cadmium)
  • HappyBABY Organic Oats & Quinoa Baby Cereal Whole Grains with Iron (perchlorate) 
  • HappyBABY Organic Baby Cereal, Clearly Crafted Whole Grains (perchlorate) 
  • HappyBABY Organic Simple Combos Apples, Spinach & Kale (perchlorate) 
  • HappyBABY Superfoods Puffs- Apple & Broccoli Organic Grain Snack (high arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury)
  • HappyBABY Superfood Puffs – Sweet Potato & Carrot Organic Grain Snack (high arsenic, cadmium, mercury)
  • HappyBABY Organic Rice Cakes Puffed Rice Snack – Apple (arsenic, high mercury)
  • Healthy Times Organic Brown Rice Cereal (high lead, high arsenic, cadmium, mercury, perchlorate)
  • Kitchdee Organic Baby Cereal Rice and Lentil (lead, high arsenic, cadmium, high mercury)
  • Kraft Mac & Cheese Dinner, Original Flavor (cadmium)
  • Nosh! Baby Munchabes Organic Teething Wafers- Banana & Mango (arsenic, high mercury)
  • NurturMe Organic Quinoa Cereals–Quinoa & sweet potato & raisin (arsenic, high lead, cadmium, perchlorate)
  • O Organics (Albertsons/Safeway) Organic Puffs- Apple & Strawberry (high arsenic, lead, cadmium, high mercury)
  • Parents Choice (Walmart) Organic Strawberry Rice Rusks (arsenic, high lead, mercury)
  • Parents Choice (Walmart) Little Hearts Strawberry Yogurt Cereal Snacks Stage 3 (high cadmium)
  • Parents Choice (Walmart) Carrot Stage 2 (perchlorate) 
  • Plum Organics Mighty Morning Bar Blueberry Lemon 15 months (cadmium, perchlorate)
  • Similac Advance OptiGRO Powder (perchlorate) 
  • Simple Truth Organics (Kroger) Whole Grain Puffs Broccoli & Spinach (high arsenic, lead, cadmium, high mercury)
  • SOBISK Breakfast Biscuits Golden Oat (high lead)
  • Sprout Organic Quinoa Puffs Baby Cereal Snack – Apple Kale (arsenic, high lead, high cadmium, mercury)

jar with baby food

Better Baby Food Brands

This category represents two separate groups. Group #1 is between 7-17 ppb lead, 40-75 ppb inorganic arsenic, 10-25 ppb cadmium, and/or 1-3 ppb of mercury. Group #2 is brands that contains the lowest levels of contaminants, but are not organic so they likely contain various pesticide residue.  This category has between 0-7 ppb lead, 0-40 ppb inorganic arsenic, 0-10 ppb cadmium, and/or less than 1 ppb of mercury and are marked with **.

  • 365 Organic Whole Foods Milk Based Powder Infant Formula with Iron**
  • Applesnax Applesauce with Cinnamon**
  • Beech-Nut Naturals Just Sweet Potatoes Stage 1 (lead, cadmium)
  • Beech-Nut Classics Sweet Peas Stage 2**
  • Beech-Nut Naturals Just Butternut Squash Stage 1**
  • Beech-Nut Naturals Bananas Stage 1 4 months**
  • Beech-Nut Naturals Beets, Pear & Pomegranate**
  • Beech-Nut Classics Chicken & Chicken Broth**
  • Beech-Nut Classics Turkey & Turkey Broth**
  • Beech-Nut Breakfast-on-the-go Yogurt Banana & Mixed Berry Blend Stage 4**
  • Earth’s Best Organic Oatmeal Cereal (Arsenic, Lead, cadmium)
  • Earth’s Best Organic Sweet Potatoes Baby Food 4 months+ (lead, cadmium)
  • Earth’s Best Organic Sweet Potatoes Baby Food 6 months+ (lead, cadmium)
  • Earth’s Best Organic Chicken & Brown Rice Baby Food 6 months (arsenic, lead)
  • Earth’s Best Sunny Days Snack Bars – Swee Potato Carrot (cadmium)
  • Enfamil ProSobee Soy Infant Formula, Milk-Free Lactose-Free Powder (lead, cadmium)
  • Enfamil Infant Formula Milk-Based with Iron**
  • Gerber Good Start Gentle HM-O and Probiotics Infant Formula with Iron**
  • Gerber Pea Sitter 2nd Foods**
  • Gerber Green Beans Sitter 2nd Food**
  • Gerber Green Bean Supported Sitter 1st Foods**
  • Gerber Banana Sitter 2nd Foods**
  • Gerber Peach Sitter 2nd Foods**
  • Gerber Pear Sitter 2nd Foods**
  • Gerber Sweet Potato Supported Sitter 1st Foods (lead, cadmium)
  • Gerber Organic Mango Apple Carrot Kale Sitter 2nd Foods (cadmium)
  • Gerber Carrot Pear Blackberry Sitter 2nd Foods (cadmium)
  • Gerber Mashed Potatoes & Gravy with Roasted Chicken and a Side of Carrots (cadmium)
  • Gerber Puffs Banana Cereal Snack (lead, cadmium)
  • Gerber Apple Sweet Potato with Cinnamon Toddler**
  • Gerber Carrot Sweet Potato Pea Sitter 2nd Foods**
  • Gerber Apple Juice from Concentrate**
  • Gerber Apple Prune Juice from Concentrate**
  • Gerber Variety Pack Juices from Concentrate–White Grape**
  • Gerber Pear Juice from Concentrate 100% Juice**
  • Gerber Chicken Rice Dinner Sitter 2nd Foods**
  • Gerber Turkey Rice Dinner Sitter 2nd Foods**
  • Gerber Lil’ Sticks Chicken Sticks Toddler**
  • Gerber Beef and Gravy 2nd Foods**
  • Gerber Ham and Gravy 2nd Foods**
  • Gerber Teether Wheels Apple Harvest**
  • HappyBABY Organic Infant Formula with Iron, Milk-based**
  • HappyBABY Organic Teethers Blueberry & Purple Carrot Sitting Baby (mercury)
  • Happy Tot Love My Veggies Bowl, Cheese & Spinach Ravioli with Organic Marinara Sauce (lead, cadmium)
  • Harvest Hill Instant Oatmeal, Maple & Brown Sugar (lead, cadmium)
  • Juicy Juice 100% Juice –Apple**
  • Juicy Juice 100% Juice Fruit Punch**
  • Kidgets Toddler Apple Juice from Concentrate**
  • Little Duck Organics 100% Pressed Fruit Snacks & Probiotics Pomegranate, Blueberry & Acai (lead)
  • Little Dutch Maid Saltine Crackers (cadmium)
  • Meijer Apple Rice Rusks Baked Rice Snack (mercury)
  • Meijer Baby Sweet Potatoes 2nd Stage**
  • Meijer Baby Bananas 2nd Stage**
  • Meijer True Goodness Organic Teethers Baked Rice Snack Vegetable (mercury)
  • Mott’s Applesauce Apple**
  • Nostalgia Marias Cookies Galletas (cadmium)
  • Orchard Naturals Mandarin Oranges in Light Syrup**
  • Parents Choice (Walmart) Organic Infant Formula with Iron**
  • Parents Choice (Walmart) Sweet Potato Stage 1**
  • Pediasure Grow & Gain Chocolate Shake**
  • Plum Organics Genter Organic Infant Formula with Iron**
  • Plum Organics Organic Just Sweet Potato Baby Food
  • Repone Suero/Electrolyte Solution with Zinc Fruit Flavor**
  • Seneca Cinnamon Applesauce**
  • Simple Truth Organics (Kroger) Infant Formula with Iron, DHA and Dual Prebiotics**
  • Sprout Garden Vegetables Brown Rice with Turkey for 8 months+**
  • Sprout Carrot Apple Mango Organic Baby Food (cadmium)
  • Up & Up (Target) Infant Formula with Iron**
  • Up & Up (Target) Apple and Carrot Baby Food, Fruit & Vegetable Blend, 6 months**
  • Yoo-hoo Chocolate Drink**

Jars of baby puree with spoon isolated on white

Best Baby Food Brands

This category is organic and has between 0-7 ppb lead, 0-40 ppb inorganic arsenic, 0-10 ppb cadmium, less than 1 ppb of mercury. We’ve linked up as many brands as we could find on Amazon for your convenience.

Safest Baby Foods Without Heavy Metals or Perchlorate: 2019 LAB RESULTS

Reader Interactions

Comments

  2. Sienna

    What about Earth’s Best Organic Dairy Infant Formula with Iron? I see that the Earth’s Best Sensitivity is in the bad list but don’t see just their regular brand on any list. Thank you for the helpful article!

    Reply

  3. Anonymous

    Thank you so much for sharing this! Im so disappointed in the FDA. This is a serious matter when it comes to our children!

    Reply

  4. Elissa W

    Hi! I’m trying to find a safe oatmeal for my two year old. I don’t see any on the best list. Any recommendations?

    Reply

  5. Jennifer Smith

    Hi!

    I have been trying to do a lot of research on baby cereal to give my 4 month old. The articles I have been reading about heavy metal and toxicity are alarming. Any input on Happy Baby oatmeal or or oats and quinoa cereal? My head is spinning. Thanks so much

    Reply

  6. Jennifer Conley

    Ok, my baby is just starting solid foods and rice cereal was recommended by my pediatrician. There is no safe rice cereal on the list and only 1 OK cereal listed at all. In the next round could you test out more cereals since they are essential to a baby’s balanced nutrition or at least rank the lesser of the evils. I am so happy to have found this posting. Thank you!

    Reply

    • Lauren McBride

      Hi Jennifer! Unfortunately, many pediatricians know very little about nutrition. I would highly recommend Weston A. Price for baby nutrition. Rice actually has very little nutritional value. I agree, this post is so eye-opening and makes me even more passionate to always be asking more questions and looking for the truth.

      Reply

    • Lance

      On the best foods category, it lists Meijer baby formula. Is it supposed to be the True Goodness by Meijer organic formula, or the non-organic store brand formula?

      Reply

  8. Tracy

    Do you know anything about apple sauce in pouches? I buy Santa Clara Apple Sauce and my daughter downs 2-3 a day…she loves them. Do I need to break her little heart?

    Reply

  9. Jessica McGuire

    I make about 90% of the baby food my daughter eats. But I recognize that this is a privilege. I only work 2 days a week, I don’t have any other children that take my time. I truly feel sorry for moms that have to rely on store bought foods and the stress this must cause them.

    Reply

  10. Michelle

    any info on once upon a farm? Its the only baby pouch I use since it’s cold pressed and the ingredients are on point. Thanks

    Reply

    • Anonymous

      I too would love to know if Once Upon a Farm products have been tested (or if you could test them). Thank you for all the information you provide us with!!!

      Reply

  11. Lauren

    This is really helpful. I immediately decided I would just start making all of my son’s food– but then I realized if the harmful metals are typically present in the soil, even if I cook with organic ingredients, couldn’t the heavy metals still show up in homemade food? What is the best way you suggest we move forward knowing all of this new information?

    Reply

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